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Maryland confirms first human case of West Nile virus in 2024. How to fight it

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The first case of West Nile virus in an adult in the state in 2024 has been confirmed by the Maryland Department of Health.

Although the case was reported in the Baltimore metropolitan area and the patient has recovered from the infection, the positive test also confirms the presence of the virus in the state's mosquitoes.

The virus is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes that become infected by birds that are already infected. In rare cases, the virus is transmitted through organ donations, blood transfusions, breastfeeding, or from pregnant mothers to their fetuses.

“We are in the season when West Nile virus can spread in Maryland,” said Dr. Nilesh Kalyanaraman, assistant secretary for public health services. “We urge people to be vigilant and take steps to avoid infection and eliminate standing pools of water where mosquitoes can breed.”

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Symptoms of West Nile Virus and who is at risk

According to the agency, most people do not develop symptoms due to the virus, but some sick people may experience mild symptoms such as fever, headache and body aches; occasionally, a rash and swollen lymph nodes may also occur.

These symptoms can last for a few days or several weeks. People over 50 years of age or those with an immune deficiency can become seriously ill.

West Nile virus was first detected in the United States in 1999, and the number of Maryland residents infected with the virus fluctuates each season. In 2023, seven Maryland residents were confirmed to be infected with West Nile virus.

“Anyone concerned about mosquitoes should cover exposed skin and use an EPA-approved insect repellent,” the agency said in a news release. “Residents are also encouraged to monitor their own yards and gardens for areas of high mosquito activity, especially standing water that can serve as a breeding ground. Even small amounts of water in a discarded can or container can support dozens of mosquitoes, as can clogged gutters or drainpipes.”

Although birds are not routinely tested for West Nile virus in Maryland, sick or injured birds can be reported to an appropriate local wildlife rehabilitator. Residents can request a list of licensed wildlife rehabilitators by calling 1-877-463-6497 or visiting the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Wildlife website.

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How to fight mosquitoes

While there are many products available to the public to help control mosquitoes in gardens and homes, the best defense is to not allow them to breed in the first place.

The Centers for Disease Control points out that simple measures can go a long way toward preventing you from becoming the next target of pests when you go outside. They suggest the following, whether or not there is an increase in the number of the pesky insects:

  • Use screens on windows and doors and repair holes in the screens to keep mosquitoes out.
  • Use air conditioning if available;
  • Prevent mosquitoes from laying their eggs in or near water.
  • Look for containers for water storage both indoors and outdoors.
  • Once a week, empty and scrub, turn over, cover or throw away items that contain water, such as tires, buckets, toys, pools, birdbaths, flowerpot saucers or garbage containers.

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